Watch



JACOB D. CUSTER. OF NORRISTOVN. PENNSYLVANIA.

WATCH;

Specification of Letters Patent No. 2,939,,dated February 4, 1843,

To all whom 2'25 may concern.

Be 1t known that I, JACOB D.VOUSTER, of Norrlstown, 1n the county-ofMontgomery and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a,

setting, so that the case may fit close on the top of the top plate, soas to make the watch as thin as possible, without diminishing the sizeof the works.

To enable others skilled in 1 the art, to

make, and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction,and operation.

Figure 1, in the accompanying drawings, is a top view of the watch, asit would ap-. pear without the case.

A is the outer edge of the bottom plate. This plate is sunk as shown atFig. 2.

B, Fig. 1, is the top plate, which ismade flat on the bottom, and alittle oval on the top, to suit the case. It has a hole cutin it; thesize is shown at S, F, in this figure and at TV, Fig. 3. The side viewof it, is shown at U, S, Fig. 9. S, Fig. 1, at the end of Norristown, isthe cock, which is sunk into the top plate, so that the top plate .iseven with the top of it; it is fastened to the top of the toptplate, byascrew, the head of which, must also be as low as to be even; with-thetop, of the plate; and it extends down through the piece Q-as shown atH,

Fig. 3. The regulator, is on the end of the cock asv shown at Fig. 1,pointing to E. It is made to move spring tight, on the under part, ofthe end ofthe cock, by a slit ring, which is slipped on an undercutcircle, which is turned onuthe bottom, of the end of the cock, so thatthe regulator moves from S, to F, betweenthe hairspring, and cock, andtakes hold of the hairspring, as usual by two pins, which extend downeaclrside of the outer circle of the hairspring, but not as far as to bein the way of the arms of the fly-wheel, which, areclose under thehairspring; as shown at U, Fig. 9.- The hairspring, is fastened, asusual on the staff of the. flywheel, but the outer end of it, isfastened by two pins, as shown at S, Fig. 1. The large pin'whi'ch'pointsto the S, is fastened pin tight, in the plate underthe letter S, andthesmallpin through the endv of 1t, holdsthe. hairspring,yso that whenthe flywheel, and hairspring, are, taken out; they two, pins, remain ontheuouter end ,.of,.th e' nairsprln t,

. The piece Q, 'Fig, 3,; isnthe-piece over which ,,the, flywheeLVibrates,.as it. wou; 1d.

appear, if the, platewere turned bottom. up. R R, are. the; heads of,the. screws, which.

fasten it 'to theabottomaof .the..top.. plate; .R R, in Fig; 1, are thepointsofthe. screws,

which appear. through; .the. top plate and it isfastened to thepiece Q,by a screw, and pm.. The. point of this. screw appears at thewhitespot,in this piece, and the head of it, appears atthe foot of F, Fig.1,

below the flywheel. Thepiece. Q,. an d T; are shown, as. theyw0ul dappear, fastened to the bottom vof ;the. top plate, at QandT, sidelview, Fig, 9,;with the .foot f the fly, wheel staff inthe potenee, near1, and the. top of it,- in thecOckQS. I

Thedot N, on the piece Q, Figp 3,,is the,

The black .piece -T,Z Fig..,. 3,. isthe vpotence;

. upper pivot hole of .thel-fonrthwheel pinion, and the lower pivotholejof 'thiswheel, is;

shown at N, Fig. 2, as..it-would appear, if

the dial were. removed. This wheel is shownat N, Fig. 4, and at-N, Fig.9. In, the latter figure, thepinion of i this wheel,

extends through, the bottomplate, to. receive,

and carry, the; secondshanclv Fig. 4, is a view of the wheelswhiclr go.between ,the plates, as .-.th ey would appear, if the, top plate. wereremoved; with .t e exception, of the wheels D, and which 1 are. made toappear in their sunken, places,in the.

bottom of theatop-plate, Fig. 3, to prevent,

confusion.

The dot, O, in Figs.- 2,1andj3, are-the. upper and lower pivot holes of,the balancewheel, and, 'O', Figst, and 9, is} the balance wheel, andpinion.

, P, Figsifl, and 9, is .theverge, and lever, with the arbor throughthem, and the upper pivot of the, arbor, is supportedbythe piece: Y, andthe loLwer 'one,-by the bottom plate. At P, Fig. 4, the verge, & c., isshown, in} its.

real-position, in relation to.,the.; balance wheel, but-in Fig 9, it ismoved, and shown out of the real position, in order to preventconfusion. The verge, lever, guard pin, and notch in theend of thelever,are made as usual, in levers, exceptingihe back end of the lever,and the partofit, at thecenter of its motion, for at the-center, it mustbe wide, so as to allow room for riveting it on the verge, which itpartly crosses; and at the back end, it must come near to a point, so asto leave room between the end of it, and the back end of the verge, forone of the banking pins; as shown at P, at the right of Fig. 9, which isa top view of the verge, and lever; the two black spots, at the smallend of the lever, are the banking pins; which are shown in their realpositions, by the two dots at the bottom of P, Fig. 4. The piece Y, ofthe verge, is also shown, in its real position, in Fig. 4t, screwed fastto the outer part, of the bottom plate.

The tumbler, and tumbler pin, as shown on the staff of the flywheel,Fig. 9, are made as usual. The real position of the flywheel staff,620., in relation to its distance from the pinion, of the fourth wheel,N, could not be shown in this drawing, in its real position; theflywheel staff, is an eighth of an inch from the pinion of the fourthwheel N, and the small dot, at the end of the lever P, in Fig. 4, isnearly its real position. Fig. 9, is not intended to represent, regulardistances, sizes, nor proportions it is only intended to represent themanner in which the parts are placed between the plates, &c.

I arrange the escapement, in this manner below the top plate, and overthe fourth wheel, balance wheel, and verge, without diminishing the sizeof the wheels; which is shown in Fig. 4; for the wheels occupy all theroom between the fusee wheel, and main spring barrel, and the balancewheel comes so near the mainspring barrel, as to require a pin, orpillar, to defend it from being struck by the chain, if it should happento break. The black spot K, Fig. l, is one of the pillars, and it isplaced near the barrel so as to defend the balance wheel from beingstruck by the chain.

The ring I, Fig. 1, is the center of motion, of the mainspring barrel;it is made as usual, excepting the ratchet, and click, which are sunkinto the bottom, of the bottom plate; as shown at J, Fig. 2. C, Fig. 1,is the fusee wheel, and pipe; this wheel with the maintaining ratchet,&c., is made much the same as usual, excepting the pipe, which isapplied to it instead of the post. This pipe is shown at Fig. 5, thesmall dots on it, show the size, and depth of the square, or angledhole; and the flange on, or near, the top of it, is left on it, toprevent it from splitting, it is fastened in the fusee, so that theflange is in a place sunk for it, in the bottom of the top plate, asshown at C, Fig. 9, and the top of it, is even with the top of the topplate.

I, Fig. 1, is the detent, and the detent spring, of the ratchet, of themaintaining power. This detent spring, is a small pin, put through thedetent, near the center of its motion, and it extends parallel with ther arbor of the detent, through a corresponding hole in the top plate;shown at the little ring, at the bottom of I; the small dot, at thebottom of this ring, is the upper pivot of the detent. E, Fig. 9, is thecenter wheel, and pinion with the minute wheel, on it, at the top. Icall this the minute wheel, because, I never saw any thing like it, anddo not know ofa more appropriate name for it. This minute wheel, isfastened on an arbor, on the upper end of which, is a small pivot, nearthe upper side of the wheel, which pivot runs in the center, of theupper plate; as shown at E, Fig. 1; and the lower end of this arbor,extends through the center wheel pinion, as far as to receive, andcarry, the minute hand; as shown at E, Fig. 9, and at E, Fig. 7.

The minute wheel, E, stands in a sunken place, in the bottom, of the topplate, as shown at E, Fig. 3, and Fig. 9. The center pinion, must also,extend down through the bottom plate, so as to leave room for nothing,but a small pin, between it, and the minute hand. On this lower part ofthe center wheel pinion,the hour wheel. G,moves in a place sunk in thebottom, of the bottom plate; as shown at G, Fig. 2, and Fig. 9. On theend of the pipe of this wheel, near the minute hand, the hour hand isplaced; so as to be near the minute hand, but not touch it.

The sunk, or third wheel, M, Figs. 2, 4L, and 9; is made as usual, andneeds no description. D, Fig. 1, is the setting pipe. It is placedbetween the mainspring barrel, and fusee wheel, so as to be near thechain, and teeth of the fusee wheel, but not touch them; as shown at D,Fig. 9, and at D, Fig. 4. The bottom of this pipe, runs in the bottomplate, very near the teeth of the center wheel, and the upper end of it,runs in the upper plate, so that the top of it, is even with the top, ofthe top plate; as shown at D, Fig. 1, and 9. The pipe part, of thispiece, extends half way down, as shown at Fig. 6, and on the upper endof it, is fastened, what T shall call the setting wheel. This wheel,moves in a place sunk for it, in the bottom of the top plate, so as notto interfere with the main spring barrel, and fusee wheel, over which itmoves; as shown at D, Fig. 9, and Fig. 3. In the bottom of this pipe 1),is a small hole extending up into the pipe part of it, as shown at F,Fig. 6, and 9, in this, the stem of a small pinion, pressed, as shown atF, Fig. 6, Fig. 9, and Fig. 2; and it must be in tight enough to preventa touch, of the hour hand, from moving it. This pinion F, is also sunkin the bottom, of the bottom, plate, as shown in these figures. At Fig.6, this pinion is shown, as it would appear, if the wheel, and pipe D,were out of the watch, and had the pinion F, pressed in the lower end ofit.

A face or top view, of wheel,'and pipe, D, and the pinion F, is alsogiven, in this figure. The wheel D, No. 1, is, as the top of it wouldappear, with the pipe D, riveted into it, and the wheel No. 2, is shownas itwould appear, before the pipe is riveted in it.

At Fig. 7 a side view of center wheel, and pinion E, the minute wheel E,the hour wheel G, and the hands, is given, as they would appear, whenthus put together, out of the watch, the arbor of the minute wheel E,must fit tight enough, in the center Wheel pinion, to carry the minutehand, and loose enough, to turn, when the key is applied to the pipe D,to set the hands: as shown at D, Figs. 1, and 3.

The hour wheel G, Fig. 7,is a trifle smaller than, the center wheel, asshown in this figure, and also 'at G, Fig. 9. The wheel No. 1, Fig. 7appears as it would, before it is riveted on its pinion; 2, is a faceview of its pinion; the wheel 3, is the minute wheel, E, as it wouldappear with its arbor riveted in it, and the wheel 4, is the minutewheel E, as it would appear before the arbor is riveted in it. I, usethe minute wheel E, instead of the cannon pinion; and the pipe, andwheel D, instead of the minute wheel, as that wheel is called in otherwatches. I place them under the oval part of the top plate, where theyare the least in the way; as shown at Figs. 3, and 9; and for thepurpose of dispensing with the setting post; by applying the pipe D, forthe purpose of setting the hands from the back of the watch. By thusdispensing with the setting post, by applying the setting pipe, andwheels connected with it, and sinking the escapement, below the top ofthe top plate, the application of the winding pipe, is made useful; forif the setting post, or cook of the escapement, was left to extend abovethe top of the top plate, they would prevent the case, from fittingclose on the top plate, as much as the winding post would, which showsthat the winding pipe, is only made useful, by the above arrangement. Inthis arrangement, the dial, and hands, are left entirely private; as inLepine watches, which is indispensable in correct time pieces. The pipesmust be well hardened.

In Fig. 3, the winding stop, and its spring, is shown at H, as it wouldappear if the top plate were turned upside down; it is made as usual,excepting the spring. This spring, is a small pin, put through the stop,near the knob so that one end of the pin, presses up against the plate,at each side of the knob; as shown in this figure. This winding stop andspring, and the detent, and detent spring, of the maintaining power, andthe chain, are omitted, in Fig. 9, to prevent confusion.

The letter K, in the first four figures shows the pillars, pillarscrews, and their holes.

i L, Figs. 2, and 4c, are the dial pillar holes. U Fig. 1, is thesquare, or angled key.

Fig. 8, represents the faces of all the wheels, and pinion; which isonly intended as a reference.

The dial, and false plate, of the dial, are omitted in the drawings.Fig. 2, is sunk between the two outer circles, as low, as the falseplate is thick, so that the dial, rests on the false plate, between thetwo outer circles, and on the part M, N, G, of the bottom, of thebottom, plate, which is left stand, to defend the wheel G, and pinion F,from be ing pressed by the dial, and so as to give the wheel Gr, itsproper room between the dial, and bottom plate.

Mode of action, and caZc2.1.Zat0n.-The mode of action, is much the sameas usual, fro-m the mainspring, to the balance wheel excepting the-wheelE, and the parts in connection with it. The mainspring barrel, is aneighth of an inch high, moreor less, and it is connected to the fuseewheel, by a chain as usual. The fusee wheel, has 60 teeth, and five lapsof chain around it, when the watch is wound up; which takes the wheelaround five times, in running down, and produces 30 revolutions, of thecenter wheel E, the pinion of which has 10 leaves, each revolution ofthe center wheel being an hour, makes it a 30 hour watch. The centerwheel, has 64 teeth, acting in the third wheel pinion M, of 8 leaves,which make it revolve 8 times, in an hour: it has 60 teeth, which act inthe pinion of the fourth wheel N, and cause it to make 60 revolutions inan hour, which is the number of revolutions, the second hand makes in anhour. The fourth wheel N, also has 60 teeth, which act in the balancewheel pinion O, of 8 leaves, causing it to revolve seven times, and ahalf, in a minute. The balance wheel has 20 teeth, and each tooth makestwo beats in passing the verge, which make 300 beats a minute; and 5each second. If the balance wheel, were made to have but 18 teeth, itwould make 270 beats a minute: and if it had but 16 teeth, it would make240 peats a minute, and at beats in a second. The teeth of the balancewheel strike the verge, and lock, as usual: and the action of the leveron the tumbler, is as usual: as would appear if the piece Y, and vergeP, Fig; 9, were placed in front of the the flywheel, so that the teethof the balance wheel, would strike the verge and the notch in the end ofthe lever, would strike the tumbler pin, to give motion to the flywheel.

The wheel E, Fig. 3, has 21 teeth, which act in the wheel D, of 42teeth, which make the wheel D, revolve once, while the minute wheel E,makes two revolutions, and as the setting pipe is fastened in the wheelD, it revolves, once, in two hours, with the pinion F, in the bottom ofit: as shown at F,

Figs. 2, and 9. This pinion F, has 10 leaves, acting in the wheel G, of60 teeth, which makes the wheel G, revolve once around, in 12 hours;that is the pinion F, revolves 6 times in 12 hours, or 6 times, whilethe wheel G, makes one revolution; and on the end of the pipe, of thiswheel G, the hour hand is placed: as shown at G, Fig. 9.

In setting the hands, to the time the angled key is applied, to the pipeD, as shown at D, Fig. 1, which turns the wheel D, Fig. 3, and it actsin the minute wheel E, moving it, and its arbor (which extends throughthe pinion of the center wheel,) and the minute hand, twice around,while it is moved only once around, and the pinion F, Fig. 2, being inthe bottom of the pipe, acting in the teeth, of the hour wheel G, at thesame time, causes it, and the hour hand, to have a corresponding motion,with the minute hand, which may be backward or forward, as may berequired. One turn of the key, causes two revolutions of the minutehand, and a corresponding motion of the hour hand. The number of teeth,in the wheel E, the wheel D, the pinion F, and the wheel G, may be madeto differ, from the above numbers, without altering the principle: andthe arrangements of the escapement, may be reversed, so that the balancewheel, would stand next to the fusee wheel, without altering theprinciple of the arrangement.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The manner of arrangement, of the escapement, over the fourth wheel,balance wheel, and verge, the minute wheel E, and its arbor, the settingwheel and pipe D, and

its pinion F, the spring of the detent of the 2 maintaining power, andthe winding stop spring, all in combination with the winding pipe andkey, as I have arranged them, to reduce the size of fusee wheel watches,

without diminishing the size, and strength,

of the works; as herein described; using for the purpose, any material,wh1ch may be thought best.

JACOB D. CUSTER.

Witnesses LEONARD STROEPER, B. F. HANCOCK.

